Characteristic Features of Muslim Criminal Law and The Formation of Its Legislative Basis

Behbudov Qahraman Novruz oglu1*, Bayramova Vahida Vahid qizi2

Abstract

The norms of Muslim criminal law served to protect society from criminal acts while also addressing the personal, material, and physical needs of Muslims in accordance with the principles of Islam. The social relationships governed by these laws reflect the distinct characteristics of Islamic society. Within the structure of Islamic criminal law, the legal relations it regulates, and certain forms of punishments, differ significantly from the criminal law norms of other historical periods. The fundamental aim of Islamic criminal law is to preserve the sanctity of religious and moral rules in the Islamic state, to eliminate lawlessness and violence among individuals, and to ensure legal equality within society. Although Islamic criminal law does not provide an exhaustive list of punishments, the types of crimes and corresponding penalties were known. Judges (qadis) assigned penalties based on the general principles of the Islamic sect to which they belonged. Islam has long served as the foundation of our moral values and has ensured that Muslims attain a dignified place in the world. This article evaluates the role of Islam in society and highlights the importance it places on combating criminality.

Keywords

Muslim, Islam, Crime, Punishment, Faqih, Free Person, Slave, Guilt, Qur’an, Moral Norms, Sharia Courts, State

Corresponding Author

Behbudov Qahraman Novruz oglu, PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Nakhchivan State University, Azerbaijan.

Citation

Oglu, B, Q, N., Qizi, B, V, V. (2025). Characteristic Features of Muslim Criminal Law and The Formation of Its Legislative Basis. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(1), 01-10.