Reimaging the EU’S Caucasus Strategy

Christian Ilcus

Abstract

This study investigates the evolving role of the European Union (EU) in the South Caucasus, a region marked by geopolitical complexity and historical tensions. The primary aim is to explore how the EU can effectively engage with South Caucasian states to promote stability, economic development, and democratic governance. Central to this investigation are key research questions: What obstacles hinder effective EU engagement? How can regional cooperation models be structured to ensure mutual benefit among the states involved? What strategies can the EU adopt to enhance its role as a facilitator of peace in the region? Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and recent EU initiatives, the study identifies critical challenges such as external influences from neighboring powers and the diverse political contexts within the region. It highlights effective cooperation models that emphasize shared interests and collective benefits, suggesting that an EU-led framework could anchor regional collaboration while promoting aspirations for sovereignty among South Caucasian states. The findings indicate that for the EU to be perceived as a credible partner, it must adopt a more context-sensitive approach, integrating local realities into its strategic framework. Additionally, fostering economic interdependencies and promoting cultural exchange are essential for building trust and initiating dialogue. The overall conclusion posits that a transformative EU strategy can play a pivotal role in redefining the geopolitical landscape of the South Caucasus, transitioning it from a contested space to one characterized by pluralism, cooperation, and sustainable development. This study underscores the importance of collaborative frameworks that prioritize both regional ownership and external support, ultimately contributing to a peaceful and prosperous future for the South Caucasus. The overall conclusion is sustainable progress in the Black Sea region requires a nuanced understanding of local contexts and a commitment to cooperation among regional actors. Consequently, the document advocates for a recalibrated EU approach to the Southern Caucasus that focuses on building trust, promoting energy diversification, and fostering inclusive economic cooperation to enhance regional stability and prosperity.

Keywords

Corresponding Author

Christian Ilcus, MSc in political science and MA in EU Studies, Aarhus University, Denmark.

Citation

Ilcus, C. (2025). Reimaging the EU’S Caucasus Strategy. Econ Dev Glob Mark, 1(1), 01-134.